第一部分 形近词
abroad [ 'br :d] adv. （在）国外；到处
【词解】ab-前缀：away；road：路
broad [br :d]
adj. 宽广的
broaden ['br :dn]
v. 加宽
broaden one's horizon开阔眼界
● 辨析 aboard和abroad
aboard 副词，表示：在船（或飞机，车）上。
如：I never went aboard a ship.
abroad 副词，表示：在国外或海外。
如：He often goes abroad.
broad 形容词，宽广的。
如：He has very broad shoulders.他的肩很宽。
board 动词，上（船，飞机，车）。
如：The passengers are boarding the plane now. 乘客们正在登机。
accident [' ksid nt] n. 事故
● 辨析 accident, incident和event
accident 指意外或偶然发生的事故，尤指不幸的，损害性的事故。
如：There have been fewer traffic accidents lately.最近很少发生交通事故。
incident 用于表示突发事件或偶发事件，政治上也可以指"事变"。
如：Were there any exciting incidents during your journey? 旅行中有什么惊喜吗？
event 指具有重要意义的历史事件，也可引申为重大事件，还可
指"比赛项目"，其复数可指时事，时局。
如：Which events have you entered for? 你参加了什么项目？
【例题】____ of cheating customers with false goods should no longer exist.
A. Events
B. Accidents
C. Incidents
D. Happenings
『正确答案』C
『答案解析』句意：用假产品欺骗顾客的事件不应当发生。
The Xi'an Incident is also called the "Double-Twelfth Incident".
car accident/car crash
● 辨析 acquire, require和 inquire
acquire 取得；获得；学到（知识等）。
如：acquire knowledge获得知识；acquire skills掌握技能
inquire 打听，询问。
如：He went to the hospital to inquire about Tom. 他到医院去打听汤姆的情况。
require 需要。
如：We require more help.我们需要更多的帮助。
【例题】Mr. Smith gradually _____ a knowledge of the subject.
A. attained
B. achieved
C. required
D. acquired
『正确答案』D
『答案解析』句意：Smith先生逐渐获得了关于这门课的知识。achieve取得 （胜利、成功等），实现（目标、目的等） 。attain达到 （目的等），取得 （成就等）。
● 辨析 in addition 和 in addition to
in addition 是一介词短语，作副词用，相当于词组as well，其后不能跟名词或其他任何成分，一般位于两个句子中间或位于句末。位于两句中时，常用一逗号与句子隔开。
如：There are many shops around the railway station. In addition, there are some newly-built hotels there.
in addition to 是一短语介词，其后接名词或代词等作其宾语，意义大体相当as well as和 besides。
如：In addition to a diet, she pursues various exercises on TV.
【例题】 __________ Japanese, she has to study another foreign language.
A. Except
B. Except for
C. In addition to
D. Beside
『正确答案』C
『答案解析』句意：除了日语，他必须学习另一门外语。
adopt [ 'd pt] vt. 收养；采用；采取
●辨析 adopt和 adapt
adopt 1） 收养。
如：Since they have no children, they decide to adopt a little girl.
2） 采纳，采用。
如：He adopted our suggestion.
adapt 使适应（用于短语adapt sb to sth）
如：I have adapted myself to the college life.
●辨析 alike, like和likely
alike 形容词，"相像的"（作表语）。
如：She and her mother are alike in appearance. 在外貌上，她和她母亲长的很像。
like 介词，相像的。
如：He looks like his brother.
likely 形容词，可能的（常用语短语be likely to do）。
如：He is likely to be absent from school today.
No two snowflakes are alike in the world.
●辨析 alive, live, living, lively和lovely
alive 活的（表语形容词）。
如：To live is not just to be alive, but to be alive is to live.一个人不是为了活才生，而是为了生才活。
live 活的，有生命的（作定语）；直播的（节目）。
如： Mother bought some live fish yesterday. 昨天妈妈买了几条活鱼。
Live programme直播节目
●辨析 alive, live, living, lively和lovely
living 活着的，（尤指）现在的。
如： He is one of the greatest living composers in the world. 他是在世的最伟大的作曲家之一。
lively 活泼的。
如：He is always a bright and lively child.他是一个聪明活泼的孩子。
lovely adj.可爱的，秀美的；令人愉快的，美好的。
如：You look lovely in blue.你穿着蓝衣服看起来很漂亮。
【真题】Stephen is the only man in the village _____ today that has survived the war.
A. live
B. lived
C. alive
D. active
『正确答案』C
『答案解析』在这个村庄中，史蒂芬是唯一一位在战争中幸免于难并活到今天的人。
●辨析 above all和after all，in all，at all
above all"首先"、"最重要的是"，常位于句首或句中。
如：But above all tell me quickly what I have to do.可首先快些告诉我该做什么。
after all"毕竟"、"终究"、"终归"、"到底"，可位于句首、句中或句末。
in all"总共"，既可放在句首，也可放在句末。
如：There are 25,000 people in all. 这儿共有25,000人。
at all用于否定句，"丝毫；根本"；用于疑问句"究竟"
如：He doesn't like you at all.他根本不喜欢你。
【例1】I think we should let Maria go camping with her boyfriend. _____, she's a big girl now.
A. Above all
B. After all
C. First of all
D. For all
『正确答案』B
『答案解析』句意：我想我们应该让Maria和他的男朋友一起去宿营。毕竟她现在已经长大了。"for all + 名词"意为"尽管"。
【例2】It isn't whether he works hard; The question is whether he works _____.
A. above all
B. in all
C. at all
D. after all
『正确答案』C
『答案解析』句意：问题不在于他是否努力工作，问题是他究竟现在还工作不工作。
●辨析 almost和most，mostly
almost 副词"几乎"。
如：It was almost dark when he reached there. 他到那里的时候，天差不多黑了。
most 可用作形容词和名词，表示"大多数的，大部分的"的意思。
如：Most students like English. 大多数学生喜欢英语。
注意：most用作副词，用来修饰副词，形容词或动词，表示"十分，非常，很"的意思。
如： Guilin is a most beautiful city. 桂林是座非常美丽的城市。
mostly 用作副词，"通常，在多数情况下"。
如：She is mostly out on Sundays. 她星期日通常外出。
【真题】The patient's recovery was very encouraging as he could _______ get out of bed without help.
A. only
B. almost
C. merely
D. hardly
『正确答案』B
『答案解析』句意：这位病人的恢复状况令人鼓舞，因为他几乎可以自己起床了。
●辨析 alone和lonely
alone"独自一人"，没有感情色彩，只作表语。
lonely"孤独"，"寂寞"，能作定语和表语。
如：When she is alone, she feels lonely. 剩下她一人时她就感到寂寞。
●辨析 alone和only
alone, only均可表"只有"，但alone须置于被修饰词之后，only往往置于被修饰词前。
如：He alone can remember the story. 只有他才能记起这段经历。
=Only he can remember the story.
【真题】The task is too much for me, so I can't carry on _______ any longer. I must get some help.
A. singly
B. simply
C. alone
D. lonely
『正确答案』C
『答案解析』句意：这项任务对我来说太重了，我再也不能单独自己做了，我必须找个助手。
●辨析 amaze和amuse
amaze 使某人惊讶
如：I am amazed at his excellent performance at the party last night.
amuse 逗乐；逗笑；（提供）消遣
如：I bought some books to amuse myself on the train.
amusement park 游乐园
【真题】When he was set free after twenty years in prison he was amazed ______ the changes he found.
A. at
B. in
C. on
D. to
『正确答案』A
『答案解析』句意：入狱二十年后被释放时，他惊讶于这个世界的变化。
【例题】 Life on earth is ______varied and complex.
A. amazingly
B. amusedly
C. amazedly
D. amusingly
『正确答案』 A
『答案解析』句意：地球上的物种复杂多变得令人惊讶。
●辨析 affect，effect，infect和perfect
affect 影响（动词）。
如: Smoking affects health.吸烟有害健康。
effect效果，影响（名词）。
如：Government policy will not have any effect on us.政府政策对我们没有影响。
infect传染，感染（动词）。
如: The laboratory animals were infected with the bacteria. 实验室的动物感染上了这种细菌。
perfect完美的（形容词）。
如: He thought this was the first pair of shoes that had fitted him perfectly. 他认为这是第一双完全适合他的鞋子。
cause and effect 因果关系
【真题1】The disease_____ his mind so that he lost his memory.
A. effected
B. impressed
C. affected
D. hurt
『正确答案』C
『答案解析』句意：这种病影响了他的思维，因此他失去了记忆力。
【真题2】The new law, it is said, will be ________.
A. put into effect
B. taken into account
C. kept in sight
D. brought to mind
『正确答案』A
『答案解析』句意：据说，新法律将要实施。
【真题3】The doctor tried to do an experiment to find out the _____ of the medicine on the mice.
A. cause
B. result
C. reason
D. effect
『正确答案』D
『答案解析』句意：医生通过试验查明这种药对老鼠的效果。
【例题】Once out of the earth's gravity, the astronaut is ______ by the problem of weightlessness
A. affected
B. effected
C. inclined
D. reflected
『正确答案』A
『答案解析』句意：一旦失去了地球的重力，宇航员将会受到失重的影响。incline有….倾向； reflect反映体现。
●辨析 apply for 和apply …to
apply for的意思是"申请，请求"。
如：I want to apply for the position.我想申请这个职位。
apply… to的意思是"把…应用到…"。
如：We should apply a theory to practice.我们应当把理论应用于实践。
【真题1】We have ________ to the government for a home improvement loan.
A. arranged
B. approached
C. applied
D. appointed
『正确答案』C
『答案解析』句意：我们必须向政府申请一笔家装贷款。
【真题2】After 15 years in the United States, he has finally decided to_____ American citizenship.
A. concentrate on
B. apply for
C. look out for
D. appeal on
『正确答案』B
『答案解析』句意：在美国居住15年后，他决定申请美国公民身份。
●辨析 arise, rise, raise, arouse和rouse
arise不及物动词"出现"；"起源于（和from连用）。
如：Accidents usually arise from carelessness. 车祸通常源于粗心。
●辨析 arise, rise, raise, arouse和rouse
rise不及物动词"上升"。
如：Black smoke rose from the chimney. 黑烟从烟筒中冒出。
raise及物动词"举起"
如：He is too weak to raise that heavy box. 他身体虚弱，举不起那个重盒子。
arouse的意思是"引起，导致"。
如：His behavior aroused the interest of the neighbors. 他的行为引起了邻居的兴趣。
rouse及物动词"唤醒"。
如：My mother will rouse me from my sleep every morning. 妈妈每天叫我起床。
【真题1】With oil prices keeping ________ , people are hesitating whether to buy a car or not.
A. rising
B. arising
C. raising
D. arousing
『正确答案』A
『答案解析』句意：油价持续上升，人们对于买不买车犹豫不决。
【真题2】The problem has _______ simply because you didn't follow my instruction.
A. raised
B. risen
C. arisen
D. aroused
『正确答案』C
『答案解析』句意：问题已经出现了，仅仅因为你没有遵循我的指导。
【例题1】Voices were _____ as the argument between the two motorists became more bad-tempered.
A. spoken
B. raised
C. developed
D. increased
『正确答案』B
『答案解析』句意：随着两个司机的争吵愈演愈烈，双方都提高了嗓门。raise （=lift up） one's voice提高嗓门，高声叫喊。
【例题2】Though _____ in San Francisco, Dave Mitchell had always preferred to record the plain facts of small-town life.
A. raised
B. grown
C. developed
D. cultivated
『正确答案』A
『答案解析』句意：尽管在旧金山长大，但戴夫米切尔总是愿意把小镇生活中平凡的事情记载下来。本句中Though raised in San Francisco是省略的让步状语从句。raise （=bring up） 抚养；grow种植；cultivate耕作；培养 （友谊等）。
【例题3】The story of the homeless orphan has _____ sympathy from the public.
A. aroused
B. attracted
C. defended
D. adopted
『正确答案』A
『答案解析』句意：无家可归的孤儿的故事唤起公众的同情。
