【数词内容讲解】
1.基数词和序数词
2.分数词
3.确数和概数的表达
数词为表示"数量"、"顺序"和分数的词。数词部分的主要考点有:
1.基数词和序数词的基本用法
数词分基序数和序数词两类。基数词表示数目,序数词表示序数。序数词一般由基数词后加th构成,且前通常要用定冠词the。如:
【例题】________ cave that George has discovered in his lifetime is near the Alps.
A.The hundredth
B.The hundred
C.Hundredth
D.A hundredth
『正确答案』A
『答案解析』由单数名词cave及单数谓语动词is可知,是用序数词,排除B;序数词前通常用the,排除C和D。
2.年龄表达法
1)表示某人几岁的确切年龄,用"基数词+years old"或者"at the age of+基数词",也可直接用基数词。
【例题】He looked quite healthy though he was ____.
A.in seventy B.in his seventy
C.at seventies D.at the age of seventy
『正确答案』D
『答案解析』at the age of seventy= at seventy= seventy= seventy years old=seventy years of age(在70岁时)。
2)表示某人几十多岁这样的约略年龄,用"in one's + 逢十的基数词的复数(如tens,twenties,thirties等)"来表达。如:
【例题】The hero of the story is an artist in his ________.
A.thirtieth B.thirty
C.thirty's D.thirties
『正确答案』D
『答案解析』in his thirties在他30多岁时。
3.年代表达法
表示在某个世纪的几十年代,用"in the +逢十的基数词的复数"。基数词的复数若用阿拉伯数字表示,可直接加s,也可加's。
【例题】It is not rare in ________ that people in ________ fifties are going to university for further education.
A.90s; the B.the 90s; /
C.90s; their D.the 90s; their
『正确答案』D
『答案解析』表示年代时,基数词前一定要用the,排除A和C;表示某人几十多岁,基数词前一定要用形容词性物主代词,排除B。
4.hundred, thousand和million的用法
在hundred,thousand,million,billion等的前面有基数词或several时,只能用单数形式,表示确切的数目。
注意这类词前不能与many连用,若表示不确定数目的数百、数千、数百万等时,就一定要在它们的复数形式后加of,如millions of people。
【例题】________ people in the world are sending information by e-mail every day.
A.Several million
B.Many millions
C.Several millions
D.Many million
『正确答案』A
『答案解析』million前可用several修饰,此时其后不能加-s,many不能修饰million。请比较:He has millions of books.(他有许多许多书。)
dozen(十二),score(二十)的用法
与数词或many,several等连用时,不加-s,如two(many,several)dozen pencils。表示"几十;许多"时,可使用dozens of,scores of。
【例题】Mr.Smith ________ me to buy several ________eggs for the dinner party.
A.asked; dozen B.suggested; dozens of
C.had; dozen D.persuaded; dozens
『正确答案』A
『答案解析』dozen前有具体数字或some,several等修饰时要用单数形式;have作使役动词时,应该用省略to的动词不定式作宾补。答案为A。
5.序数词前通常要加定冠词the,但序数词不表示顺序而表示"再一,又一"时,前面要用不定冠词a(an)。
【例题】The cakes are delicious.He'd like to have ____ third one because ____ second one is rather too small.
A.a; a B.the; the
C.a; the D.the; a
『正确答案』C
『答案解析』从句意可知,第一空表示"再一",应填a;第二空表示顺序"第二",应填the。答案为C。
6.分数的表达方式
分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1时,分母用复数。如:one-third三分之一,three-sevenths七分之三。
表示几分之几或百分之几的人或物时,须在分数或百分数和人或物之间加of。若充当主语,谓语动词的数须与of后的名词保持一致。
【例题】_____ of the land in that district ________ covered with trees and grass.
A.Two fifth; is
B.Two fifth; are
C.Two fifths; is
D.Two fifths; are
『正确答案』C
『答案解析』"五分之二"应为"two fifths";land是不可数名词,谓语动词应使用单数形式。答案为C。