EXERCISES I Check Your Comprehension Section A ( )1.The best friend a man has may be disloyal to him. 【正确答案】Y 【答案解析】课文第一段首句给出答案,“一个人最好的朋友也有可能背叛他而成为他的敌人”。turn against;背叛;disloyal 不忠的。答案为Y。 ( )2.The money a man has may fly away when he needs it. 【正确答案】Y 【答案解析】我们可以从课文第二段前两句话得到答案,“金钱也许会在他最需要的时候从他身边飞走”。fly away :飞走。答案为Y。 ( )3.When severe winter sets in, the dog won't stand by its owner. 【正确答案】N 【答案解析】译文:当寒冷的冬天到来的时候,狗不会守在他们主人的身边。从课文第三段第二句可知,的在寒冬到来之时,愿意躺在冰冷地面守在主人身边。答案为N。 ( )4.A pet owner must be nice to his pet, hoping that the pet keeps his company forever. 【正确答案】NG 【答案解析】译文:主人必须好好对待宠物,寄希望于宠物们能永远陪伴在他们身边。课文第三段及第四段谈及了狗对主人的忠诚,但是并未提及除狗之外的其他宠物,也没提及主人需要好好对待宠物。答案为NG。 ( )5.A dog will retreat when it encounters tough difficulties. 【正确答案】N 【答案解析】译文:当的遇到艰难险阻对,它将退却。课文第四段综述了出现任何情况,狗都会义无反顾地守护主人,而不会退却,答案为N。 ( )6.When the owner becomes poor and his fame is ruined, the dog's love remains constant just like sunrise and sunset. 【正确答案】Y 【答案解析】译文:当主人家财四散,名誉扫地,狗对主人的忠诚热爱仍宛如日升日落,亘古不变。我们可以从课文第四段第二句可以得出答案。答案为Y。 Section B 1.A son or daughter brought up with great care may turn out to be______________. 【正确答案】ungrateful 【答案解析】课文第一段第二句可以得出答案,即他满怀爱意抚养长大的儿女可能不知感恩。答案为ungrateful。 2.Those people we are faithful to may betray ______________. 【正确答案】us 【答案解析】第一段最后一句提及,那些我们最近最亲的人,我们信任他们,把自己的幸福和名声都托付于他们,他们都有可能会舍弃忠诚而背叛我们。答案为us。 3.When a person commits a mistake on purpose, his good fame may be______________ . 【正确答案】sacrificed 【答案解析】根据课文第二段第二句,一个人的名望更会仅仅因为某一次考虑不周的行为而瞬间丧失殆尽。我们可以找到答案。答案为sacrificed。 4.A man's dog will stick by him whenever he is in ______________ . 【正确答案】prosperity and in poverty,in health and in sickness 【答案解析】课文第三段第一句提及,A man's dog may stands by him in prosperity and in poverty,in health and in sickness,即不管主人是贫穷或富贵、病弱或健康,狗都会守护在主人的身旁。答案为prosperity and in poverty,in health and in sickness。 5.When the poor owner sleeps, the dog will tend to him as if he were______________. 【正确答案】a prince 【答案解析】我们可以从第三段最后一句得出答案,它忠诚地守卫着熟睡的主人,俨然这位穷主人就是一位王子。答案为a prince。 6.If the owner unfortunately becomes friendless and homeless, the dog prefers to enjoy the right to ______________. 【正确答案】accompany him 【答案解析】课文第四段第三句可以归纳出本题答案,即主人被世人抛弃、无家可归时,忠心耿耿的狗也总是形影不离,对抗敌人,保护主人免遭危险。答案为accompany him。 Building Your Vocabulary Section A 1.Many people spend little time in _______________ of physical fitness.(pursue, pursuit) 【正确答案】pursuit 【答案解析】译文:许多人花费很少的时间追求身体健康。in pursuit of 是固定搭配,追求、追寻的意思。答案为pursuit。 2.His_______________ old dog accompanied him everywhere he went.(faith, faithful) 【正确答案】faithful 【答案解析】译文:无论他到哪,他忠诚的狗都一直陪伴他。空格处的词修饰名词短语old dog。因此应填入形容词faithful ,而非名词faith。答案为faithful。 3.At any time, don't feel sad for a(n)_______________ man.(grateful, ungrateful) 【正确答案】ungrateful 【答案解析】译文:任何时候,都不要为忘恩负义的人伤心。grateful:感恩的。ungrateful:忘恩负义的。由句意可知,应填入ungrateful 。答案为ungrateful。 4.Often they are competing_______________ with fellow Spaniards for contracts.(fierce, fiercely) 【正确答案】fiercely 【答案解析】compete with 是固定动词词组格配,与……竞争的意思。空格中的词修饰前面的动词compete ,因此用填入副词形式的fiercely( 猛烈地)。答案为fiercely。 5.The war was followed by a long period of peace and ________________.(prosperous , prosperity) 【正确答案】prosperity 【答案解析】译文:战争之后是长时间的和平与繁荣。空格中填入的词与前面的名词peace 并列,根据and前后一致的原则,应填入名词prosperity( 繁荣)。答案为prosperity。 6.The service at the famous hotel failed to live up to its____________.(repute, reputation) 【正确答案】reputation 【答案解析】译文:这个有名饭店的服务辜负了它的名誉。live up to 是固定短语搭配,不辜负的意思。its后面的空格应填入名词reputation( 名誉)。答案为reputation。 Section B privilege prone poverty alert constant scene desert unselfish 1.Senior managers enjoy certain ____________, such as company cars and private healthcare. 【正确答案】privileges 【答案解析】译文:高级经理享受一定的特殊待遇,比如公司配车以及私人医疗服务。空格处的词在certain 后面,因此应填入一个名词且与前面的senior 相搭配,根据句意privileges 符合题意。答案为privileges。 2.Japanese consumers also remain ___________to saving, not spending, as the recession deepens. 【正确答案】prone 【答案解析】译文:随着经济衰退加深,日本顾客倾向于节省而非消费。be prone to 是固定搭配,易于……的意思。答案为prone。 3.In Africa, for example, ______________ has actually risen over the past decade. 【正确答案】poverty 【答案解析】译文:在非洲,举例来说,过去的十年贫困程度确实在加深。空格中的词做主语,且根据前面的关键词非洲,可知空格处应填入poverty (贫困)。答案为poverty。 4.Although he's over eighty his mind is still remarkably_____________. 【正确答案】alert 【答案解析】译文:虽然他年过八十了,但是他的思维仍然很警惕。Although 表示转折的意思,因此空格处应填入与八十岁的老人的思维情况相反的形容词alert( 警惕的)。答案为alert。 5.The terrible ______________ was engraved on his memory. 【正确答案】scene 【答案解析】译文:那可怕的场景在他的记忆中铭刻。空格中的词在terrible 后面,且根据句意,应填入名词scene (场景)。答案为scene。 6.The police are looking for the woman who ______________ her children. 【正确答案】deserted 【答案解析】译文:警察正在寻找遗弃自己孩子的妇女。空格中的词做宾语,因此应填入动词词性的词,且根据后面的关键词her children ,应填入动词desert ,宾语从句的动作已发生,因此应该用一般过去时态。答案为deserted。 Section C 1.How can you stand ____________and let him treat his dog like that 【正确答案】by 【答案解析】译文:你怎么能袖手旁观,让他那样对他的狗?stand by 是固定搭配,袖手旁观的意思。答案为by。 2.The survey made by scientists shows that kids are all prone_____________ eat junk food. 【正确答案】to 【答案解析】译文:科学家调查发现孩子们倾向于吃垃圾食品。be prone to 是固定搭配,易于的意思。答案为to。 3.By no means would people turn__________ their motherland. 【正确答案】against 【答案解析】译文:人们决不背叛他们的祖国。turn against 是固定动词短语搭配,背叛的意思。答案为against。 4.My younger sister requested me to accompany her ____________ the airport. 【正确答案】to 【答案解析】译文:我妹妹请求我陪伴她去机场。accompany to 是固定动词短语搭配,陪伴某人去某地的意思。答案为to。 5.Do you believe Bob remained faithful ____________ his principles to the last 【正确答案】to 【答案解析】译文:你相信Bob能够坚特他的原则到最后吗 be faithful to 是固定搭配,对……忠诚。to the last:直到最后。答案为to。 6.It always takes the class a while to settle ____________ at the start of the lesson. 【正确答案】down 【答案解析】译文:在课程开始的时候,总要花费一段时间才能使学生专心起来。settle down:定居,安心下来。答案为down。
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