2016年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试

英语一

试卷及解析

(课程代码00012)

一、阅读判断（第1～10题，每题1分，共10分。下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。）

The Truth about Left-Handed People

About 90% ofpeople in the world today are right-handed.The other 10% areleft-handed,including Obama,the President of the US.Every day,left-handed folksquietly face problems.It could be something as simple as driving a car or usinga can opener.

Why are sofew of us left-handed?One theory is that handedness (hand preference) could bea result of genetics.Scientists say that there are two genes (基因) associated with handedness.Oneis the D gene.It is more frequent in the population and promotes (促成) right-hand preference.The otheris the C gene.It has the ability to promote a preference for either hand.Whenthe C gene is present,there is a 50% chance that a person could be right- orleft-handed.

Anothertheory has to do with human brains,which are made up of two halves.If the lefthalf is more powerful,then one is most likely right-handed.But withleft-handers,it is more complicated.Seventy percent of them are also left-braindominant (占优势的).Theother 30% have right-side dominant brains.

During the18th and 19th centuries,left-handedness was considered a disability.But not allof the myths about left-handers are bad.One myth suggests that they are morecreative and smarter than the right-handers.So far scientific research has yetto find any truth to these claims.In fact,a 2013 survey out ofNew Zealandfound that left-handers and right-handers were the same.

Life mightbe a little more complicated for left-handers when it comes to cutting a pieceof paper or opening a bottle of wine.However,it seems to be a good sign if youare trying to make it to the White House.

;第1题

The right-handers are nine times as many asthe left-handers.

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given

【正确答案】A

【答案解析】第一段前两句话表明，世界上大约有90%的人是右撇子，而另外10%的人则是左撇子，包括美国总统奥巴马。由此可知，右撇子的人数是左撇子的9倍，题干叙述正确。

第2题

Using a can opener could be a problem forleft-handers.

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given

【正确答案】A

【答案解析】第一段最后两句话表明，每天，左撇子的人都很坦然地面对一些问题，比如像开车或使用开罐器这类简单的事情。由此可知，使用开罐器对于左撇子来说是一个问题，题干叙述正确。

第3题

Men are more likely to be left-handed thanwomen.

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given

【正确答案】C

【答案解析】第一段主要讲到在世界上左撇子和右撇子的人数分布比例；第二段和第三段讲述了为什么左撇子那么少的两种理论；第四段讲到了不同时期对左撇子的不同看法；而最后一段讲到对于占少数人口的左撇子来说，生活上可能有一些不方便，其他的与右撇子并没有什么不同。由此可知，文章通篇没有提到男性比女性更可能成为左撇子,故选C。

第4题

Some scientists believe that handedness isdecided by genes.

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given

【正确答案】A

【答案解析】第二段第二句话表明，一种理论认为偏好使用哪只手是由基因决定的。由此可知，题干叙述正确。

第5题

Most left-handers are right-brain dominant.

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given

【正确答案】B

【答案解析】第三段最后两句话表明，左撇子中有70%也是受左脑控制的，而其他的30%是由右脑控制的。由此可知，题干叙述错误。

第6题

In the 19th century,left-handedness was nolonger considered abnormal.

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given

【正确答案】B

【答案解析】第四段第一句话表明，在18世纪和19世纪，左撇子被视为残疾。由此可知，题干叙述错误。

第7题

Right-handers live longer thanleft-handers.

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given

【正确答案】C

【答案解析】第四段最后一句话提到，事实上，根据2013年新西兰的研究表明，左撇子和右撇子在创造力和智力上都一样。但文章并没有提到右撇子比左撇子活得更长。

第8题

Left-handers are proved to be cleverer.

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given

【正确答案】B

【答案解析】第四段表明，有传说暗示，左撇子比右撇子更聪明，更有创造力，但是到目前为止，科学家还没有发现任何证据证实这些断言。2013年新西兰的研究显示，左撇子和右撇子在创造力和智力上都一样。由此可知，题干叙述错误。

第9题

TheNew Zealandsurvey foundleft-handers differ greatly from right-handers.

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given

【正确答案】B

【答案解析】第四段最后两句话表明，2013年新西兰的研究显示，左撇子和右撇子都一样。由此可知，题干叙述错误。

第10题

There are not enough specially-designedtools for left-handers.

A.True

B.False

C.Not Given

【正确答案】A

【答案解析】第一段最后两句话表明，每天，左撇子的人都很坦然地面对一些问题，比如像开车或使用开罐器这类简单的事情。最后一段第一句话也表明，对于左撇子而言，当他们想裁开一张纸或打开葡萄酒瓶盖的时候，生活可能有点艰难。由此可知，生活中并没有多少专门为左撇子设计的工具，故选A。

二、阅读选择（第11～15题，每题2分，共10分。阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项中选出1个最佳选项。）

The Story of Milton Hershey

Almost everykid in theUShas eaten a famous Hershey chocolate bar.But few people know that the Hersheychocolate factory is only about 100 years old.Even fewer know that its founder,MiltonHershey,had suffered many failures before he started his famous company.

Milton grewup in the farm country of Pennsylvania.He was first trained to become aprinter.After working for a small newspaper for a short time,he decided thatprinting was not for him.Then he got a job at a candy factory.After a fewyears,he decided to open his own little candy business.But this first businesshad to close down because it was not making money.Then,Milton travelled toDenver to learn how to make caramels (黄油奶糖).He took his new skills to New ;York City and sold candies on the street.But thissecond business also failed.

Soonafterwards,he moved back to his hometown.There he experimented with all sortsof candies and chocolates.By 1893,he was selling a million dollars’worth of caramel candy eachyear.Since his chocolate-flavored (巧克力口味的) caramels were the best-selling,he decided to make chocolatehimself.He learned how to make delicious chocolate by adding fresh milk.Hismilk chocolate turned out to be a great success.So he sold his caramel factoryand focused on making chocolate only.

In1903,Milton Hershey built a huge chocolate factory and an entire town to gowith it.Today,the town of Hersheyis still the home of the Hershey chocolate factory.You can smell the deliciouschocolate smells just by driving through the town.

;第1题

Milton’s first job was working as a(n) ________.

A.printer

B.candy seller

C.farmer

D.editor

【正确答案】A

【答案解析】事实细节题。由第二段第二、三句话可知，最开始他受训要成为一名印刷工，但是在工作一段时间后，他发现印刷并不适合他。故选A。

第2题

Milton closed his candy business because he________.

A.moved to Denver

B.wanted to go travelling

C.was not interested in it

D.did not make profits from it

【正确答案】D

【答案解析】事实细节题。由第二段第五、六句话可知，几年后，他决定经营自己的小糖果厂，但是，由于不能赚到钱，他的第一个工厂必须得关掉。故选D。

第3题

The phrase “his new skills” (Line 5,Para.2)refers to how to________.

A.sell candies

B.make caramels

C.run a candy business

D.manufacture chocolate

【正确答案】B

【答案解析】词义猜测题。由第二段倒数第二、三句话可知，米尔顿来到丹佛，学习怎么制造黄油奶糖，并且他带着这门手艺来到了纽约，在街上卖糖果。由此可知，这门手艺是指制造黄油奶糖，故选B。

第4题

Milton decided to make chocolate himself because________.

A.he did a lot of experiments on it

B.his caramel candy was not popular

C.his chocolate-flavored caramels sold well

D.he was tired of selling candies on thestreets

【正确答案】C

【答案解析】事实细节题。由第三段第四句话可知，因为巧克力口味的黄油奶糖卖得很好，所以他决定自己制作巧克力。故选C。

第5题

What can be learned from this text?

A.Fresh milk is beneficial to people’shealth.

B.A town was named after Milton Hershey.

C.Chocolate became popular in the 1900s intheUS.

D.Few people in theUShave heardof Hershey chocolate.

【正确答案】B

【答案解析】推理判断题。由第三段倒数第三句话可知，他通过添加一些鲜奶来使巧克力更加美味，并未提到鲜奶是否对人体健康有益，故选项A错误；由最后一段前两句话可知，1903年，米尔顿·赫尔希建了一个很大的巧克力厂，并且整个镇子都成了巧克力厂，现如今，赫尔希镇仍然是好时巧克力厂的发源地，故选项B正确；由最后一段第一句话可知，在1903年，米尔顿·赫尔希建了一个很大的巧克力厂，并且整个镇子都成了巧克力厂，但是文中并未提到美国20世纪90年代巧克力非常流行，故选项C错误；由第一段第一句话可知，在美国几乎每个孩子都吃过著名的好时巧克力棒，故选项D错误。