;　Unit 1 Text B
The language of Confidence
　　New Words
　　confidence n. a belief in your own ability to do things and be successful 自信心
　　program v. to make a person, an animal, etc. to behave in a particular way, so that it happens automatically 训练；培养
　　mastery n. control or power 控制；驾驭
　　destiny n. what happens to somebody or what will happen to them in the future, especially things that they cannot change or avoid 命运；天命；天数
　　dramatically adv. suddenly, greatly and often surprisingly 巨大地；惊人地；显著地
　　quality n. the standard of something when it is compared to other things like it; how good or bad sth is 质量；品质
　　subconscious adj. connected with feelings that influence your behavior even though you are not aware of them 下意识的；潜意识的
　　please v. to make somebody happy 使满意；使愉快
　　command n. an order given to a person or an animal（给人或动物的）命令
　　knowingly adv. while knowing the truth or likely result of what you are doing 故意地；蓄意地
　　impact n. the powerful effect that something has on somebody/something巨大影响；强大作用
　　matter v. to be important or have an important effect on somebody/something 事关紧要；有重大影响
　　confident adj. feeling sure about your own ability to do things and be successful 自信的；有自信心的
　　sense n. a feeling about something important（对重大事情的）感觉，意识
　　eliminate v. to remove or get rid of something 排除；清除；消除
　　disempower v. to reduce the amount of control that someone has over a situation or over their life 剥夺；使失去权利
　　self-esteem n. a feeling of being happy with your own character and abilities 自尊心
　　limit v. to stop something from increasing beyond a particular amount or level 限制；限定
　　infinite adj. very great, impossible to measure 极大的；无法衡量的
　　stifle v. to prevent something from happening 压制; 扼杀；阻止
　　creativity n. the ability to use your imagination to produce new ideas, make things, etc. 创造力
　　internal adj. happening or existing in your mind 内心的；头脑中的
　　insignificant adj. not big or valuable enough to be considered important 微不足道的；无足轻重的
　　commonly adv. usually, very often 通常；常常
　　alternative n. a thing that you can choose to do or have out of two or more possibilities 可供选择的事物
　　fabulous adj. extremely good 极好的；绝妙的
　　Phrases and Expressions
　　carry out to do and complete a task 完成（任务）
　　be up to to be for somebody to decide 取决于
　　have an impact on/upon to have a powerful effect on somebody/something 对…产生巨大影响
　　rub ... out to remove the marks made by a pencil, etc.用橡皮擦掉（字迹等）
　　be in control of to direct or manage an organization, an area or a situation 掌管；管理；控制
　　重点单词
　　confidence n. a belief in your own ability to do things and be successful 自信心
　　用法： to have/lose confidence in sb. 对某人抱有　　eg: I have little confidence in him. 我对他没有什么信心。
　　衍生： confident adj. feeling sure about your own ability to do things and be successful 自信的；有自信心的
　　confident of sth/that... 自信的；有信心的；有把握的
　　eg: feel confident of succeeding/that one will succeed 有信心能成功
　　quality n. the standard of something when it is compared to other things like it; how good or bad sth is 质量；品质
　　用法： be of poor/good/high etc. quality 质量差/好/高
　　eg: Much of the land was of poor quality. 很多土地质量差。
　　Use only high quality ingredients.使用高质量原料。
　　衍生：qualify v. have or give（sb） the qualities, training, etc. that are necessary or suitable（for sth）（使）（某人）具有资格；给（某人）某种资格；（使）合格
　　eg: I won't qualify until next year. 我明年才具备资格。
　　qualified adj. having completed the relevant training or examination 经过训练或考试的；有资格的；合格的；及格的
　　eg: a qualified doctor 合格的医生
　　subconscious adj. connected with feelings that influence your behavior even though you are not aware of them 下意识的；潜意识的
　　eg:the subconscious self 潜意识的自我
　　衍生：sub- ＝ under 在…之下
　　subway（地铁）， submarine（潜水艇）
　　conscious adj. aware; noticing 知道的；察觉的；注意到的
　　eg: be conscious of being watched/that one is being watched 察觉有人在监视自己
　　consciousness n. all the ideas, thoughts, feelings, etc. of a person or people 意识
　　eg：attitudes that are deeply ingrained in the English consciousness 深深扎根于英国人意识中的看法
　　matter v. to be important or have an important effect on somebody/something 事关紧要；有重大影响
　　用法：matter（to sb）
　　eg：What does it matter（whether he comes or goes）（他来也好去也好）那有什么关系
　　It doesn't matter to me what you do. 你做什么我都无所谓。
　　disempower v. to reduce the amount of control that someone has over a situation or over their life 剥夺；使失去权利
　　衍生：dis- ＝ 除去，剥夺
　　disable（使丧失能力）， disarm（解除武装）， discourage（使失去勇气）， discover（发现）
　　em-, en- ＝ 使
　　embody（体现）， empower（授权）， encourage（鼓励）， endanger（使危险）
The Language of Confidence
　　The language we use programs our brains. Mastering our language gives us a great degree of mastery over our lives and our destinies. It is important to use the language in the best way possible in order to dramatically improve our quality of life.
　　Even the smallest of words can have the deepest effect on our subconscious mind, which is like a child, and it doesn't really understand the difference between what really happens and what you imagine. It is eager to please and willing to carry out any commands that you give it -- whether you do this knowingly or not is entirely up to you.
　　"Try"
　　It is a small word yet it has an amazing impact upon us. If someone says, "I'll try to do that" you know that they are not going to be pulling their whole heart into it, and may not even do it at all. How often do you use the word try when talking about the things that matter to you Do you say "I'll try to be more confident" or "I'll try to do that" or "I'll try to call"
　　Think about something that you would like to achieve, and say it to yourself in two different ways. Firstly say, "I'll try to… " and notice how you feel. Next say, "I will do…" and see how you feel.
　　The latter makes you feel better than the first one, doesn't it It gives you a sense of determination, a feeling that it will be done. Listen to the people around you and when they say they will try notice if it gets done or not. Eliminate the word try from your dictionary and see how your life improves.
　　"Can't"
　　This is another small word with a big impact. It disempowers us, makes us feel weak and helpless, and damages our self-esteem. It limits our infinite abilities and stifles creativity. Rub it out from your internal dictionary and replace it with something that makes you feel great.
　　Instead of saying you can't, why not say something like "I choose…" or "I choose not to…". Using words like this allows you to take back your power and to be in control of your life.
　　Words may appear small and insignificant, yet they can have a deep and lasting effect on us. Mastering your language gives you the power to live whatever life you desire.
　　What words do you use a lot that disempower you Make a list of words you commonly use and then write next to them some alternatives you can use. Make these alternatives words that make you feel fabulous, not only about yourself, but about life and what you are doing!
　　链接 → 电影《铁娘子TheIronLady》
　　Watch your thoughts, for they become words.
　　Watch your words, for they become actions.
　　Watch your actions, for they become habits.
　　Watch your habits, for they become your character.
　　Watch your character, for it becomes your destiny.
　　What we think, we become.
　　积思成言。积言成行。积行成习。积习成性。积性成命。 思想决定人生的高度。
　　EXERCISES
　　I Check Your Comprehension.
　　Section A
　　Directions: Read the following statements and mark Y（for Yes）if the statement agrees with the information given in the text; N（for NO）if the statement contradicts the information given in the text; NG（for Not Given）if the information is not given in the text.
　　（　）1.Using our language in the best way is significant for the improvement of our life.
【正确答案】Y
【答案解析】判断的根据在课文第一段第三句，it is important to use the language in the best way possible in order to dramatically improve our quality of life.答案为Y。
　　（　）2.We can knowingly make our command carried out without using a word.
【正确答案】NG
【答案解析】判断的根据在课文第二段末句，It is eager to please and willing to carry out any commands that you give it ---whether you do this knowingly or not is entirely up to you.由此可知，题干中without using a word 文中未提及。答案为NG。
　　（　）3.If we use the word try, we may not make efforts to achieve the things that we want to do.
【正确答案】Y
【答案解析】文中第三段提到they are not going to be putting their whole heart into it, and may not even do it at all.答案为Y。
　　（　）4.We can improve our life by saying the word try in our daily life.
【正确答案】N
【答案解析】文章通篇都是说try和can't 等这些小词对我们生活的负面影响，即想要让我们过得好一些，就不要在日常生活中使用它们。即本句话有误。答案为N。
　　（　）5.We can use a word that makes us feel great to help us feel powerful.
【正确答案】Y
【答案解析】文中说，some small words disempower us和these alternative words make you feel fabulous，也就是说we can use a word that makes us feel great to help us feel powerful.答案为Y。
　　（　）6.Though some words may seem small, they can help us do everything we want.
【正确答案】N
【答案解析】文中说，这些小词对我们有深刻而持久的影响，和help us do everything we want表达的含义差距很远。答案为N。
　　Section B
　　Direction:Complete the following sentences with the information given in the text.
　　1._______________________ helps us be in control of our lives and destinies.
【正确答案】Mastering our language
【答案解析】课文第一段第二句给出了相关信息：Mastering our language... and our destinies，由此我们可以总结出题干的答案应为mastering our language，注意首字母大写。答案为Mastering our language。
　　2.Any words can have a dramatic influence on _______________________.
【正确答案】our subconscious mind
【答案解析】第二段首句说到Even the smallest of words can have the deepest... mind，这句话是说甚至是最小的那些单词也会对我们的潜意识产生深刻的影响。因此与题干含义相吻合。答案为our subconscious mind。
　　3.When we say "I will do…", we will get a sense of _______________________.
【正确答案】determination
【答案解析】文章第四段列举了I'll try to和I'll do的例子来说明两者的区别。紧接着下一段指出后者给你一种determination的感觉，即有决心完成此事。答案为determination。
　　4.Using words like "I choose…" can help us regain _______________________.
【正确答案】the power
【答案解析】文中说，using words like this allows you to take back your power…其中take back your power 中的take back与题干中的regain意思相同。答案为the power。
　　5.Mastering our language helps us get the power to _______________________ .
【正确答案】live whatever life you desire
【答案解析】倒数第二段最后一句指出Mastering your language… you desire,与题干含义相符。答案为live whatever life you desire.
　　6.We can write _______________________ next to a list of words we usually use.
【正确答案】alternatives
【答案解析】最后一段指出Make a list of words you…can use，意为请列一个清单，写出你常使用的单词，然后在它们旁边写出你可以用来替换掉它们的单词。所以本题应填入alternatives。答案为alternatives。
　　IV Writing
　　Section A
　　Directions:The following sentences are grammatically incorrect or incoherent.Improve them.
　　1.When dipped in mustard, Sam said the sausage was excellent.
【正确答案】When dipped in mustard,Sam said,the sausage was excellent.
【答案解析】此句中，状语从句的动词dip是被动式，这个动作的逻样主语是sausage，不是Sam，这不符合语法规则，修改时，可以将Sam said改成插入语就可以了。答案为When dipped in mustard,Sam said,the sausage was excellent.
　　2.A Frenchman murdered two wives he didn't like their cooking.
【正确答案】A Frenchman murdered two wives because he didn't like their cooking.
【答案解析】英语中两个句子不能简单地并排在一起构成一个比较复杂的句子，它们通常需要用表达它们之间关系的连词连接在一起。很显然，本题表达的是原因关系。答案为A Frenchman murdered two wives because he didn't like their cooking.
　　3.Annie's dress was old, faded, and it had wrinkles.
【正确答案】Annie's dress was old,faded, and wrinkled.
【答案解析】英语讲究句子平衡，这种平衡就包括如果表语不只一个，那么几个表语的结构要相同。此句中，old和faded 是两个形容词，而it had wrinkles 是句子，这样是不可以的。修改时只要把句子表语改成形容词就可以了。it had wrinkles的意思是“裙子有褶子”,wrinkled 这个形容词就可以表达这个意思。答案为Annie's dress was old，faded,and wrinkled.
　　4.The need for jobs will make us develop our industries. It causes environmental problems.
【正确答案】The need for the jobs will make us develop our industries,but the jobs will cause environmental problems.
【答案解析】此题中，第二句的主语it指代的是前面提到的the need for jobs,the need for jobs的中心词是need，可以按句子意思，导致环境问题的是jobs，而不是need。而且，原句的两个句子之间是转折关系，所以修改时，我们用转折连词将它们连在一起。答案为The need for the jobs will make us develop our industries,but the jobs will cause environmental problems.
　　5.My new running shoes fell apart during the marathon which cost more than a hundred dollars.
【正确答案】My new running shoes, which cost more than a hundred dollats,fell apart during the marathon.
【答案解析】这个句子是典型的定语从句与先行词分家导致的意思不清，原句中which cost more than a hundred dollars 花了一百多块，位于marathon 马拉松后面，做marathon 的定语从句，显然是不符合句子意思的。修改时只要把这个定语从句和它的中心词shoes放在一起就可以了。答案为My new running shoes, which cost more than a hundred dollats,fell apart during the marathon.
　　Section B
　　Directions: Read the following paragraph carefully. Cross out two sentences that do not help to develop the controlling idea.
　　Philip Randolph, the great African-American champion of labour and civil rights, led confrontation with three very popular presidents. Mr. Randolph called for a march on Washington by thousands of African-Americans on July 1, 1941, if President Roosevelt would not take action to end discrimination in defense industries during World War II. Mr. Randolph was born in Florida. After much delay, the president met with Randolph, and one week later opened many defense jobs to black workers. A few years later, in 1948, Mr. Randolph threatened mass civil disobedience if President Truman did not end segregation against African-Americans in the military.On July 26, Truman approved the order that integrated the armed services. The last confrontation was with John F. Kennedy, who sought to stop the 1963 civil rights march on Washington. The march featured the Reverend Martin Luther King's unforgettable "I Have a Dream" speech.
【正确答案】Mr. Randolph was born in Florida.
　　The march featured the Reverend Martin Luther King's unforgettable"I Have a Dream" speech.
【答案解析】本段文字的结构很清楚，主题句是第一句Philip Randolph led confrontations with three very popular presidents 。其他句子分别说了他与这三位总统之间的对抗性行为。（1）Mr. Randolph was born in Florida 句子的前后讲的是他与第一位总统President Roosevelt之间的事情，显然，这句话在这里是多余。（2）最后一句讲此次对抗让马丁·路德·金的演讲《我有一个梦》声名远播。在这篇短短的文章中牵扯进这个不合适，它没有提到Mr. Randolph，也没有说此事的过程或结果。