全国2008年10月高等教育自学考试
现代语言学试题
课程代码:00830
I.Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%)
1.The distinction between langue and parole was made by
_______ early last century.( )
A. American linguist
N. Chomsky B.
Swiss linguist F. de Saussure
C. American linguist
Edward Sapir D.
British linguist J. R. Firth
2.The sounds that begin and end the words church and judge
are voiceless and voiced _______, respectively.( )
A. stops B.
fricatives
C. affricates D.
plosives
3.In the word unreliable, the prefix “un-” is a(n)
_______ morpheme.(
)
A. free B.
bound
C. root D.
inflectional
4.Words in a sentence are organized into groups of lexical
_______, commonly known as parts
of speech.( )
A. verbs B.
nouns
C. phrases D.
categories
5.The words stationary
and stationery are identical in sound, but different in spelling and
meaning. They are _______.( )
A. complete homonyms B.
homographs
C. hyponyms D.
homophones
6. The
illocutionary point of _______ is to express the psychological state specified
in the utterance.(
)
A. directives B.
expressives
C. commissives D.
representatives
7. Grimm pointed
out that certain phonological changes must have occurred early in the history
of the Germanic languages, which did not take place in _______, Greek, or
Latin.( )
A. English B.
Sanskrit
C. German D.
Danish
8. Language
planning refers to any attempt by a government, etc. to choose a particular
speech variety and spread the use of it, including its pronunciation and
spelling systems, across _______ boundaries.( )
A. social B.
regional
C. cultural D.
political
9. The case of Phineas Gage showed us that _______.( )
A. human language ability is not located
in the brain because Phineas’ brain was so damaged and he could still speak
B. human
language ability is located in the right hemisphere of the brain
C. if human
language ability is located in the brain, it is not situated right at the back
D. if human
language ability is located in the brain, it is not situated right at the front
10. The Chinese
sound/d/in English interlanguage pronunciation of “dat” for “that” belongs to
_______ error.(
)
A.
fossilization B.
transfer
C. interference
D.
overgeneralization
II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1% ×10=10%)
11. If a
linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is
said to be d_______.
12.
If you say door, new, two, senior, zoo, you
will notice that the first sounds in all these words are a_______
sounds. The t and s are voiceless, and d, n and z
are voiced. Only n is nasal.
13. The word snowfall
is a word formed by joining two separate words, i.e. “snow” and “fall.” This
newly formed word is generally regarded as a c_______.
14. A c_______
sentence contains two clauses joined by a linking word, such as “and,” “but,”
“or.”
15. Pairs of
words that exhibit the reversal of a relationship between the two items are
called r_______ opposites.
16. All the
speech acts that belong to the same category share the same purpose or the same
i_______ point, but they differ in their strength or force.
17. The [d] of spindle
is developed between an adjacent [n] and [l]. Such a process or change in which
successive sounds are separated by an intervening segment is known as e_______.
18. The two (or
possibly more) groups use their native languages as a basis for a rudimentary
language of few lexical items and “straightforward” grammatical rules. Such a m_______
language is called pidgin.
19. The brain’s neurological specialization for language is called linguistic l_______, which psycholinguists are particularly interested in.
20. Within the
framework of C_______ Analysis, second language learning was believed to
be a matter of overcoming the differences between L 1 and L2 systems.
III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and then give the correct version. (2%×10=20%)
21.( ) The arbitrary
nature of language makes it possible for language to have an unlimited source
of expressions.
22.( ) When two
different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment that
occurs in the same place in the string, then the two words are called minimal
pairs. Sip and zip are a minimal pair, as are fine and vine,
and veal and leaf.
23.( ) The meaning of
a compound is the combination of the meanings of the words in the compound.
24.( ) The structure
that occurs after movement takes place is what we term as surface structure.
25.( ) The
predication analysis of a sentence only applies to statements and interrogative
forms.
26.( ) Speech act
theory was proposed by the British philosopher John Austin in the late 1950s.
27.( ) Derivation
covers various processes of word formation by the addition of affixes, such as
the creation of adjectives from nouns (professional < profession),
nouns from verbs (computer < compute), adjectives from verbs (conceivable
< conceive), and verbs from nouns (eulogize < eulogy).
28.( ) In Black
English, when the verb is negated, the indefinite pronouns something, somebody,
and some become the negative indefinites nothing, nobody,
and none, such as He don’t know nothing. Such double negation
constructions indicate that speakers of Black English are deficient because
they use language “illogically.”
29.( ) The right
hemisphere controls voluntary movements of, and responds to signals from, the
right side of the body.
30.( ) Language
acquisition is primarily the acquisition of the grammatical system of language.
IV. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration. (3% ×10=30%)
31. displacement
32. general linguistics
33. assimilation rule
34. derivational affix
33. hierarchical structure
36. semantic triangle
37. grammatical meaning
38. cooperative principle
39. high variety
40. right ear advantage
V. Directions: Answer the following questions. (10%×2=20%)
41. New words can
be formed in many ways. Please illustrate borrowing, compounding, blending and
back-formation, each with two examples.
42. Describe briefly what stages children go through in their first language acquisition.